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The , alternatively misread as ''Ruijū myōgishō'', is a Japanese dictionary from the late Heian Period. The title, sometimes abbreviated as ''Myōgishō'', combines the ''ruiju'' ("classified dictionary") from the ''Wamyō Ruijushō'' and the ''myōgi'' ("pronunciation and meaning/definition") from the ''Tenrei Banshō Myōgi''. Additional Buddhist titles, like ''Sanbō ruiju myōgishō'' (三宝類聚名義抄), use the word ''sanbō'' (三宝 "Three Jewels") because the text was divided into ''butsu'' (仏 "Buddha"), ''hō'' (法 "Dharma"), and '' sō'' (僧 "Sangha") sections. The origins of the ''Ruiju myōgishō'' are uncertain. Bailey (1960:6) concludes it was "compiled early in the twelfth century, presumably by a priest." Okimori (1996:269) believes the received edition dates from the late 12th century, but the original version was compiled around 1081-1100 CE. There are various received texts of the ''Ruiju myōgishō'' and several indexes. Like other early Japanese dictionaries, the ''Ruiju myōgishō'' borrowed heavily from Chinese dictionaries, in particular the (ca. 543 CE) ''Yupian'' and the (601 CE) ''Qieyun''. For collation of character entries, the Chinese ''Yupian'' has a system of 542 logographic radicals. The ''Ruiju myōgishō'' cuts them down into 120 radicals (''bu'' 部), even simpler than the (ca. 900 CE) Japanese ''Shinsen Jikyō'' system of 160. The ''Ruiju myōgishō'' lists over 32,000 characters and compounds. The entries give both ''on'yomi'' Sino-Japanese borrowings and ''kun'yomi'' native Japanese readings for ''kanji'', using Chinese ''fanqie'' spellings (from the ''Qieyun''), ''Man'yōgana'', and ''katakana''. Meanings are often illustrated by quotations from over 130 Chinese classic texts and classical Japanese literature. These quotes have two types of ''Kanbun'' ("Chinese writing") annotations, ''shōten'' (声点 "tone marks") for Chinese tones and Japanese accents, and occasional ''kunten'' (訓点 "reading marks") for Japanese pronunciations. "Many passages contain no Japanese readings at all," says Bailey (1960:6), "but there are a total of approximately 10,000 Japanese readings given in the whole work." The ''Ruiju myōgishō'' remains a standard Japanese source of information regarding Heian era pronunciation. ==Editions== There are various extant editions that still exist today. The main editions include: *The edition. It is part of the collection in the Imperial Household Agency. Compiled between 1081 and 1100. It retains signs of the original; however, it is incomplete and only contains the first half of the section. It provides detailed literary citations for entries. *The edition. It is part of the and is a national treasure of Japan. It is a mid-Kamakura period facsimile. While it is an expanded and revised edition of the original, it is the only complete edition surviving today. *The Kōzan-ji edition. Part of the collection. It is entitled , and is a revised edition. It only contains the section and part of the 巻上 section found in the Kanji-in edition. *The edition. It is part of the Tō-ji Hōbodai-in collection. Revised and incomplete. In addition to the above, the and revised editions exist, but both are incomplete. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Ruiju Myōgishō」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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